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gastric mill rhythm  (Nusbaum Inc)

 
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    Nusbaum Inc gastric mill rhythm
    Gastric Mill Rhythm, supplied by Nusbaum Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/gastric+mill+rhythm/gastric+mill+rhythm/10__1523_slash_eneuro__0121___24__2024-313-50-55
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    gastric mill rhythm - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    90/100 stars

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    other:

    Article Title: Neuropeptide Modulation Enables Biphasic Inter-network Coordination via a Dual-Network Neuron
    Article Snippet: In the STNS, other gastric mill rhythm versions are biphasic, and when pyloric rhythm variability has been quantified, the pyloric period during one phase of the gastric mill rhythm is at a “baseline” period due to modulatory input and regulated away from this baseline during the other phase of the gastric mill rhythm (Bartos and Nusbaum, 1997).

    Article Title: Neuropeptide Modulation Enables Biphasic Inter-network Coordination via a Dual-Network Neuron
    Article Snippet: For instance, during a gastric mill rhythm elicited by themodulatory neuronMCN1, the LG neuron presynaptically inhibitsMCN1 at its entrance into the STG, rhythmically decreasingmodulatory excitation of the pyloric network during the LG phase (Nusbaum et al., 1992; Coleman and Nusbaum, 1994; Coleman et al., 1995; Bartos and Nusbaum, 1997).

    In Vitro:

    Article Title: Sources and range of long-term variability of rhythmic motor patterns in vivo.
    Article Snippet: .. Sensory pathways have been shown to activate the gastric mill rhythm (via the actions of descending modulatory projection neurons) both in vitro and in vivo (Blitz and Nusbaum, 2012; Beenhakker and Nusbaum, 2004; Blitz et al., 2004; Saideman et al., 2007; Beenhakker et al., 2004; Hedrich et al., 2009; Hedrich et al., 2011; Diehl et al., 2013). ..

    Article Title: Sources and range of long-term variability of rhythmic motor patterns in vivo.
    Article Snippet: .. This indicates that in vivo, the gastric mill rhythm does interact with the pyloric rhythm in a similar way as in vitro (Bartos and Nusbaum, 1997). ..

    In Vivo:

    Article Title: Sources and range of long-term variability of rhythmic motor patterns in vivo.
    Article Snippet: .. Sensory pathways have been shown to activate the gastric mill rhythm (via the actions of descending modulatory projection neurons) both in vitro and in vivo (Blitz and Nusbaum, 2012; Beenhakker and Nusbaum, 2004; Blitz et al., 2004; Saideman et al., 2007; Beenhakker et al., 2004; Hedrich et al., 2009; Hedrich et al., 2011; Diehl et al., 2013). ..

    Article Title: Sources and range of long-term variability of rhythmic motor patterns in vivo.
    Article Snippet: .. This indicates that in vivo, the gastric mill rhythm does interact with the pyloric rhythm in a similar way as in vitro (Bartos and Nusbaum, 1997). ..

    Inhibition:

    Article Title: Actions of a Histaminergic/Peptidergic Projection Neuron on Rhythmic Motor Patterns in the Stomatogastric Nervous System of the Crab Cancer borealis
    Article Snippet: .. This also included gastric mill-timed inhibition of the IC and VD neurons, during each LG neuron burst, as routinely occurs in at least one version of the gastric mill rhythm ( Blitz and Nusbaum, 1997 ). ..



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    The mechanosensory VCN neurons trigger a gastric mill rhythm through activation of the projection neurons MCN1 <t>and</t> <t>CPN2.</t> A: schematic of the isolated stomatogastric nervous system showing somata locations and projection pathways of CPG interneurons (AB and Int1), projection neurons (MCN1 and CPN2), and the VCN sensory neurons. MCN1, CPN2, and VCN neurons occur bilaterally, but for clarity the full bilateral projection pathways are not drawn. B: schematic represents activity patterns of projection neurons, feedback neurons, and gastric mill circuit neuron LG during the VCN version of the gastric mill rhythm. AB feedback inhibition elicits pauses in MCN1/CPN2 activity during the retraction phase of VCN-gastric mill rhythms. During the protraction phase, MCN1 and CPN2 fire tonically due to presynaptic inhibition of AB within the CoGs (Beenhakker and Nusbaum 2004; Blitz and Nusbaum 2008). C: schematic partial circuit diagram illustrating connectivity among projection neurons, feedback neurons, and circuit neurons. AB and Int1 project from the STG to the CoGs where AB inhibits MCN1 and CPN2 (Blitz and Nusbaum 2008; Coleman and Nusbaum 1994) and Int1 inhibits CPN2 (Norris et al. 1994). The PD neurons are electrically coupled to the pyloric feedback neuron AB (Marder and Eisen 1984). LG inhibits the gastric mill feedback neuron Int1 (Bartos et al. 1999). T bars represent excitatory synapses, ball and stick represent inhibitory synapses, and resistor symbols represent electrical synapses. Break in MCN1 and CPN2 axons indicates additional distance between their somata and their STG terminals. Ganglia: CoG, commissural ganglion; OG, esophageal ganglion; SOG, supraesophageal ganglion; STG, stomatogastric ganglion; TG, thoracic ganglion. Neurons: AB, anterior burster; CPN2, commissural projection neuron 2; Int1, interneuron 1; LG, lateral gastric neuron; MCN1, modulatory commissural neuron 1; PD, pyloric dilator neuron; VCN, ventral cardiac neuron. Nerves: dgn, dorsal gastric nerve; dpon, dorsal posterior esophageal nerve; ion, inferior esophageal nerve; lvn, lateral ventricular nerve; mvn, medial ventricular nerve; <t>poc,</t> postesophageal commissure; son, superior esophageal nerve; stn, stomatogastric nerve. Other: Pro, protraction phase of the gastric mill rhythm; Ret, retraction phase.
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    The mechanosensory VCN neurons trigger a gastric mill rhythm through activation of the projection neurons MCN1 and CPN2. A: schematic of the isolated stomatogastric nervous system showing somata locations and projection pathways of CPG interneurons (AB and Int1), projection neurons (MCN1 and CPN2), and the VCN sensory neurons. MCN1, CPN2, and VCN neurons occur bilaterally, but for clarity the full bilateral projection pathways are not drawn. B: schematic represents activity patterns of projection neurons, feedback neurons, and gastric mill circuit neuron LG during the VCN version of the gastric mill rhythm. AB feedback inhibition elicits pauses in MCN1/CPN2 activity during the retraction phase of VCN-gastric mill rhythms. During the protraction phase, MCN1 and CPN2 fire tonically due to presynaptic inhibition of AB within the CoGs (Beenhakker and Nusbaum 2004; Blitz and Nusbaum 2008). C: schematic partial circuit diagram illustrating connectivity among projection neurons, feedback neurons, and circuit neurons. AB and Int1 project from the STG to the CoGs where AB inhibits MCN1 and CPN2 (Blitz and Nusbaum 2008; Coleman and Nusbaum 1994) and Int1 inhibits CPN2 (Norris et al. 1994). The PD neurons are electrically coupled to the pyloric feedback neuron AB (Marder and Eisen 1984). LG inhibits the gastric mill feedback neuron Int1 (Bartos et al. 1999). T bars represent excitatory synapses, ball and stick represent inhibitory synapses, and resistor symbols represent electrical synapses. Break in MCN1 and CPN2 axons indicates additional distance between their somata and their STG terminals. Ganglia: CoG, commissural ganglion; OG, esophageal ganglion; SOG, supraesophageal ganglion; STG, stomatogastric ganglion; TG, thoracic ganglion. Neurons: AB, anterior burster; CPN2, commissural projection neuron 2; Int1, interneuron 1; LG, lateral gastric neuron; MCN1, modulatory commissural neuron 1; PD, pyloric dilator neuron; VCN, ventral cardiac neuron. Nerves: dgn, dorsal gastric nerve; dpon, dorsal posterior esophageal nerve; ion, inferior esophageal nerve; lvn, lateral ventricular nerve; mvn, medial ventricular nerve; poc, postesophageal commissure; son, superior esophageal nerve; stn, stomatogastric nerve. Other: Pro, protraction phase of the gastric mill rhythm; Ret, retraction phase.

    Journal: Journal of Neurophysiology

    Article Title: Circuit feedback increases activity level of a circuit input through interactions with intrinsic properties

    doi: 10.1152/jn.00772.2016

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The mechanosensory VCN neurons trigger a gastric mill rhythm through activation of the projection neurons MCN1 and CPN2. A: schematic of the isolated stomatogastric nervous system showing somata locations and projection pathways of CPG interneurons (AB and Int1), projection neurons (MCN1 and CPN2), and the VCN sensory neurons. MCN1, CPN2, and VCN neurons occur bilaterally, but for clarity the full bilateral projection pathways are not drawn. B: schematic represents activity patterns of projection neurons, feedback neurons, and gastric mill circuit neuron LG during the VCN version of the gastric mill rhythm. AB feedback inhibition elicits pauses in MCN1/CPN2 activity during the retraction phase of VCN-gastric mill rhythms. During the protraction phase, MCN1 and CPN2 fire tonically due to presynaptic inhibition of AB within the CoGs (Beenhakker and Nusbaum 2004; Blitz and Nusbaum 2008). C: schematic partial circuit diagram illustrating connectivity among projection neurons, feedback neurons, and circuit neurons. AB and Int1 project from the STG to the CoGs where AB inhibits MCN1 and CPN2 (Blitz and Nusbaum 2008; Coleman and Nusbaum 1994) and Int1 inhibits CPN2 (Norris et al. 1994). The PD neurons are electrically coupled to the pyloric feedback neuron AB (Marder and Eisen 1984). LG inhibits the gastric mill feedback neuron Int1 (Bartos et al. 1999). T bars represent excitatory synapses, ball and stick represent inhibitory synapses, and resistor symbols represent electrical synapses. Break in MCN1 and CPN2 axons indicates additional distance between their somata and their STG terminals. Ganglia: CoG, commissural ganglion; OG, esophageal ganglion; SOG, supraesophageal ganglion; STG, stomatogastric ganglion; TG, thoracic ganglion. Neurons: AB, anterior burster; CPN2, commissural projection neuron 2; Int1, interneuron 1; LG, lateral gastric neuron; MCN1, modulatory commissural neuron 1; PD, pyloric dilator neuron; VCN, ventral cardiac neuron. Nerves: dgn, dorsal gastric nerve; dpon, dorsal posterior esophageal nerve; ion, inferior esophageal nerve; lvn, lateral ventricular nerve; mvn, medial ventricular nerve; poc, postesophageal commissure; son, superior esophageal nerve; stn, stomatogastric nerve. Other: Pro, protraction phase of the gastric mill rhythm; Ret, retraction phase.

    Article Snippet: Specifically, eliminating the weaker CPN2 activity during POC gastric mill rhythms, which occurs at a similar firing rate as in the VCN-no feedback condition, has a minor effect on the motor pattern ( Blitz and Nusbaum 2012 ).

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Isolation, Activity Assay, Inhibition

    When activated by POC stimulation, CPN2 intraburst firing rate is regulated by circuit feedback but differently than when activated by VCN. Ai: when triggered by POC stimulation, CPN2 activity is rhythmically interrupted by pyloric-timed AB inhibition during both the protraction and retraction phases. CPN2 was recorded via intra-axonal impalement in the nerve (stn) it projects through just before entering the STG. Aii: in the absence of circuit feedback, CPN2 fired at an average rate of ~21 Hz, similar to the CPN2 intraburst firing rate during POC protraction. Similar to Fig. 3Aii, CPN2 did not fire at a steady rate in the absence of feedback, likely due to synaptic input including from the AGR sensory neuron (Hedrich et al. 2009; Norris et al. 1994). B: across preparations, the CPN2 intraburst firing rate was higher during protraction than retraction phases of POC-triggered gastric mill rhythms (n = 12) and the average firing rate in the absence of circuit feedback (n = 7) was higher than the intraburst retraction firing rate. Pyloric-timed interruptions in firing during protraction and retraction were not included in the intraburst firing rates. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, nsP > 0.05.

    Journal: Journal of Neurophysiology

    Article Title: Circuit feedback increases activity level of a circuit input through interactions with intrinsic properties

    doi: 10.1152/jn.00772.2016

    Figure Lengend Snippet: When activated by POC stimulation, CPN2 intraburst firing rate is regulated by circuit feedback but differently than when activated by VCN. Ai: when triggered by POC stimulation, CPN2 activity is rhythmically interrupted by pyloric-timed AB inhibition during both the protraction and retraction phases. CPN2 was recorded via intra-axonal impalement in the nerve (stn) it projects through just before entering the STG. Aii: in the absence of circuit feedback, CPN2 fired at an average rate of ~21 Hz, similar to the CPN2 intraburst firing rate during POC protraction. Similar to Fig. 3Aii, CPN2 did not fire at a steady rate in the absence of feedback, likely due to synaptic input including from the AGR sensory neuron (Hedrich et al. 2009; Norris et al. 1994). B: across preparations, the CPN2 intraburst firing rate was higher during protraction than retraction phases of POC-triggered gastric mill rhythms (n = 12) and the average firing rate in the absence of circuit feedback (n = 7) was higher than the intraburst retraction firing rate. Pyloric-timed interruptions in firing during protraction and retraction were not included in the intraburst firing rates. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, nsP > 0.05.

    Article Snippet: Specifically, eliminating the weaker CPN2 activity during POC gastric mill rhythms, which occurs at a similar firing rate as in the VCN-no feedback condition, has a minor effect on the motor pattern ( Blitz and Nusbaum 2012 ).

    Techniques: Activity Assay, Inhibition